This paper examines the international and political background of the creation of Chinese Association of Scientific Workers, expounded its active role in the establishment and early activities of WFSW based on archives. As a new kind of scientific group, the AScW involved political affairs with profound international characteristics of that era. The Chinese AScW united the international and inland progressive intellectuals, prompted the transformation of the scientific institution and organization of scientific activities. More than an important window for China to keep relations with western science, the WFSW laid the foundation of the Sino-British official scientific communication. Meanwhile, the Chinese role in the WFSW was subject to the Sino-Soviet relationship.
